Domain Name System: Difference between revisions
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The '''Domain Name System (DNS''') is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet. See [[How the Domain Name System Works]] for a brief overview of the DNS. See [[Pre-ICANN History of the DNS]] for the development of the DNS in the 20th century. The DNS is a Namespace: a collection of wordstrings organized into a hierarchy of labels. It is a distributed name registration framework that assigns unique licenses to use to human-readable strings for money. It is also distributed database that assigns wordstrings to IP addresses. It is a protocol to resolve wordstrings into an attribute (a singular IP address. It is a signaling medium.<ref>[https://apacdnsforum.my/virtual/180/lobby Geoff Huston, Future of the Domain Name System, APAC DNS Forum 2022]</ref> | |||
The '''Domain Name System (DNS''') is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet. See [[How the Domain Name System Works]] for a brief overview of the DNS. See [[Pre-ICANN History of the DNS]] for the development of the DNS in the 20th century. | |||
==DNS Components== | ==DNS Components== | ||
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===[[Top-Level Domain|Top-Level Domains]]=== | ===[[Top-Level Domain|Top-Level Domains]]=== | ||
*The DNS maintains a database of top-level domains (TLDs) that can be accessed via the Internet. Top-level domains fall into three broad categories: | *The DNS maintains a database of top-level domains (TLDs) that can be accessed via the Internet. Top-level domains fall into three broad categories: | ||
**[[GTLD|generic TLDs]] (gTLDs); | **[[GTLD|generic TLDs]] (gTLDs); | ||
**[[CcTLD|country code TLDs]] (ccTLDs); and | **[[CcTLD|country code TLDs]] (ccTLDs); and | ||
**[[Internationalized Domain Name|internationalized domain names]] (IDNs) | **[[Internationalized Domain Name|internationalized domain names]] (IDNs) | ||
*[[Registry]] operators maintain the database of registrations for a particular TLD. | *[[Registry]] operators maintain the database of registrations for a particular TLD. | ||
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==Challenges== | ==Challenges== | ||
[[DNS | Continuing the hegemony of the DNS as the Internet means coping with the issues and questions about control ([[Internet Governance|who gets to control it]]), [[Data Privacy]], [[trust]], [[Internet Fragmentation|fragmentation]], security as a rendezvous tool and a collection of markets, [[DNS Abuse]], [https://www.icann.org/en/public-comment/proceeding/recommendations-for-early-warning-for-root-zone-scaling-05-10-2020 scaling], [https://www.senki.org/network-operations-scaling/dns-latency-and-performance-test-tools/ speed], and the [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3746594 economics]. | ||
Ensuring the resiliency, stability, and security of the DNS is critical to perpetuating the usefulness of the Internet. The DNS has two key types of [[DNS Value and Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]]: complexity and bad actors. | |||
===Complexity=== | ===Complexity=== | ||
#Cybersecurity experts are concerned about the [[DNS Camel]], which refers to the inexorable growth of DNS protocols over the past three decades, making it increasingly difficult to implement and secure DNS advancements.<ref>[https://www.ietf.org/blog/herding-dns-camel/ Herding the DNS Camel. IETF Blog]</ref> | #Cybersecurity experts are concerned about the [[DNS Camel]], which refers to the inexorable growth of DNS protocols over the past three decades, making it increasingly difficult to implement and secure DNS advancements.<ref>[https://www.ietf.org/blog/herding-dns-camel/ Herding the DNS Camel. IETF Blog]</ref> | ||
#As the number and kind of TLDs continue to expand, [[Universal Acceptance]] becomes an increasingly important topic. | #As the number and kind of TLDs continue to expand, [[Universal Acceptance]] becomes an increasingly important topic. | ||
===Bad Actors=== | ===Bad Actors=== | ||
#Internet governance organizations, registries, registrars, and the business constituency are very concerned about [[DNS Abuse]], which refers to the exploitation of the DNS for malicious purposes. In particular, a debate rages over where technical abuse ends and where content abuse begins.<ref>[https://comlaude.com/domain-name-abuse-and-corporate-domain-management/ Domain Name Abuse, Com Laude]</ref> | #Internet governance organizations, registries, registrars, and the business constituency are very concerned about [[DNS Abuse]], which refers to the exploitation of the DNS for malicious purposes. In particular, a debate rages over where technical abuse ends and where content abuse begins.<ref>[https://comlaude.com/domain-name-abuse-and-corporate-domain-management/ Domain Name Abuse, Com Laude]</ref> | ||