Top-Level Domain: Difference between revisions
Applied modification ruleset: Corrections using AWB-ICW patterns |
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The [[Domain Name System|domain name system]] allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet | The '''top-level domain (TLD)''' is the right-most string, or series of characters, in every [[URL|web address]]. The [[Domain Name System|domain name system]] allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Every TLD is managed by a single [[:Category:Registries|registry]]. | ||
==TLD Growth - Overview from 1983 to 2021== | ==TLD Growth - Overview from 1983 to 2021== | ||
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| April 2011 || [[.xxx]] || Sponsored gTLD || || [[ICM Registry]] had submitted proposals for this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 | | April 2011 || [[.xxx]] || Sponsored gTLD || || [[ICM Registry]] had submitted proposals for this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| June 20, 2011 || || || | | June 20, 2011 || [[.post]] || sTLD || last TLD before New TLD Program || [[ICANN Board]] votes to dramatically increase the number of gTLDs from the 22 already in operation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| January 12, 2012 || || [[Community TLD|community]] or standard || applicant decides if the nTLD is for a defined community consisting of a restricted population; the distinction between sponsored/unsponsored TLDs is deemed irrelevant to this round of nTLDs ||The application window for [[All New gTLD Applications]] opens | | January 12, 2012 || || [[Community TLD|community]] or standard || applicant decides if the nTLD is for a defined community consisting of a restricted population; the distinction between sponsored/unsponsored TLDs is deemed irrelevant to this round of nTLDs ||The application window for [[All New gTLD Applications]] opens | ||
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| June 13, 2012 || | | June 13, 2012 || [[.scot]] || community nTLD application || for Scottish culture || Reveal Day: [[All New gTLD Applications|1,930 applications for new gTLDs submitted]]; '''751''' of which were contested | ||
|- | |- | ||
| July 15, 2013 || [[.сайт]], [[.онлайн]], [[.شبكة]], [[.游戏]] || [[IDN]] nTLDs || (xn--80aswg) – Russian for "site"; (xn--80asehdb) – Russian for "online"شبكة (xn--ngbc5azd) – Arabic for "web/network"; (xn--unup4y) – Chinese for "game(s)" || First four nTLD | | July 15, 2013 || [[.сайт]], [[.онлайн]], [[.شبكة]], [[.游戏]] || [[IDN]] nTLDs || (xn--80aswg) – Russian for "site"; (xn--80asehdb) – Russian for "online"شبكة (xn--ngbc5azd) – Arabic for "web/network"; (xn--unup4y) – Chinese for "game(s)" || First four nTLD agreements signed | ||
|- | |- | ||
| September 15, 2014 || [[.prof]] || -- || -- || 400th nTLD was delegated | | September 15, 2014 || [[.prof]] || -- || -- || 400th nTLD was delegated | ||
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| June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || -- || -- || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved | | June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || -- || -- || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | October 17, 2020 || [[.spa]] || nTLD || latest delegated nTLD || [[IANA]] lists 1589 TLDs (1503 in use, 67 not assigned/revoked, 8 retired, 11 test domains) | ||
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There are different types of TLDs. | There are different types of TLDs. | ||
===[[gTLD]]s=== | ===[[gTLD]]s=== | ||
*[[gTLD|the original generic top-level domains]] | |||
*[[sTLD]]s - has a sponsor for a specific purpose, such as to represent a specific ethnic community, professional group, or geographical location. | |||
*[[All New gTLD Applications|nTLD]]s - domains that were introduced beginning in October 2013 | |||
*[[community TLD]]s relate to local events, gatherings, organizations, or communities, in essence replacing sTLDs | |||
*[[geoTLD]]s represent geographical or regional areas that are not countries with three or more ASCII characters. | |||
*[[brand TLD]]s - corporations use their corporate name as their website's top-level identifier instead of .com or .biz domain space | *[[brand TLD]]s - corporations use their corporate name as their website's top-level identifier instead of .com or .biz domain space | ||
*[[hSTLD]]s | *[[hSTLD]]s | ||
===[[ccTLD]]s=== | ===[[ccTLD]]s=== | ||
[[:Category:CcTLD|Country-code TLDs]] are delegated to a designated [[:Category:CcTLD Registry|ccTLD registry]], which is operated by a [[:Category:CcTLD Manager|ccTLD Manager]], according to local policies that are adapted to meet the economic, cultural, linguistic, and legal circumstances of the country or territory involved. | [[:Category:CcTLD|Country-code TLDs]] are delegated to a designated [[:Category:CcTLD Registry|ccTLD registry]], which is operated by a [[:Category:CcTLD Manager|ccTLD Manager]], according to local policies that are adapted to meet the economic, cultural, linguistic, and legal circumstances of the country or territory involved. | ||
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==Reserved Names== | ==Reserved Names== | ||
* country code top-level domains | Some domain names are reserved, which means they can only be used (if at all) by the [[:Category:Entities|entities]] for whom they are reserved. | ||
* related to ICANN | * [[ccTLDs|country code top-level domains]] | ||
* related to IANA functions | * [[ICANN|related to ICANN]] | ||
* names of countries and territories | * [[IANA|related to IANA functions]] | ||
* names of international and intergovernmental organizations | * [[:Category:Government|names of countries and territories]] | ||
* names that a registry operator uses to operate the gTLD | * [[:Category:Organizations|names of international and intergovernmental organizations]] | ||
* [[:Category:registries|names that a registry operator uses to operate the gTLD]] | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category: Glossary]] | [[Category: Glossary]] | ||