Public Interest Registry: Difference between revisions
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{{Organization| | {{Organization| | ||
|city = Reston | | city = Reston | ||
|country = USA | | country = USA | ||
|date_founded = 2002 | | date_founded = 2002 | ||
|facebook = https:// | | facebook = PIRegistry?_rdc=1&_rdr | ||
| | | focus = Registry | ||
| | | organization_type = Non-profit | ||
| | | website = https://pir.org/ | ||
| | | x = PIRegistry | ||
| logo = Logo-PIR-2021.png | |||
| ownership = Internet Society | |||
| linkedin = https://www.linkedin.com/company/public-interest-registry/posts/?feedView=all | |||
| instagram = piregistry | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Public Interest Registry''' (PIR) is a non-profit registry operator that manages the [[.org]] [[Top-Level Domain|TLD]]. They also manage the ".ORG Family of Domains", which are [[.gives]], [[.giving]], [[.charity]], [[.ong]], [[.ngo]], and also the IDN versions of .org, [[.орг]] (Cyrillic), [[.संगठन]] (Devanagari) and . | '''Public Interest Registry''' (PIR) is a non-profit registry operator that manages the [[.org]] [[Top-Level Domain|TLD]].<ref name="about">[https://pir.org/who-we-are/ PIR: Who We Are]</ref> They also manage the ".ORG Family of Domains", which are [[.gives]], [[.giving]], [[.charity]], [[.ong]], [[.ngo]], and also the IDN versions of .org, [[.орг]] (Cyrillic), [[.संगठन]] (Devanagari), [[.机构]]<ref>[https://pir.org/our-domains/org-family/ PIR: .ORG Family of Domains]</ref> and [[.组织机构]] (Simplified Chinese).<ref>[https://pir.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/PIR-RRA-Addendum.pdf PIR: RRA Data Processing Addendum]</ref> <ref>[https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/xn--nqv7fs00ema.html IANA: Delegation Record for .组织机构]</ref> | ||
The non-profit was established in 2002 by the Internet Society (ISOC). PIR was originally formed to take over the operation and maintenance of the .org domain and its database from [[Verisign|Verisign Global Registry Services]].<ref>[https://www.internetsociety.org/pir/ ISOC: Public Interest Registry (PIR)]</ref> The organization’s headquarters is located in Reston, Virginia, USA.<ref> | The non-profit was established in 2002 by the Internet Society (ISOC). PIR was originally formed to take over the operation and maintenance of the .org domain and its database from [[Verisign|Verisign Global Registry Services]].<ref>[https://www.internetsociety.org/pir/ ISOC: Public Interest Registry (PIR)]</ref> The organization’s headquarters is located in Reston, Virginia, USA.<ref name="about"></ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== .org and PIR === | |||
The .org TLD was created in October 1984 by [[Jon Postel]] and [[Joyce Reynolds]] along with [[.com]], [[.gov]], [[.edu]] and [[.mil]]. From the deployment of the DNS until the end of 1992, the gTLDs were managed by SRI International's Network Information Center (SRI-NIC).<ref name="iana">[https://www.iana.org/reports/2002/org-report-09dec02.html IANA: Report on Redelegation of the .org Top-Level Domain]</ref> In 1993, .org was privatized and transferred to Network Solutions, Inc. (NSI),<ref name="history">[https://pir.org/who-we-are/#history PIR: History]</ref> which was later acquired by [[Verisign|VeriSign]].<ref name="iana"></ref> | |||
In | In June 1998, the [[United States Department of Commerce|U.S. Department of Commerce]] launched the [[White Paper]], which led to the formation of [[ICANN]]. | ||
On | On March 14, 2002, the [[ICANN Board]] authorized the solicitation of proposals to succeed VeriSign as the operator of the .org registry.<ref name="iana"></ref> After this open call, Verisign voluntarily surrendered control of .org. | ||
In the same year, the Internet Society created the Public Interest Registry as a 501(c)3 non-profit in order to manage .org.<ref name="history">[https://pir.org/who-we-are/#history PIR: History]</ref> and submitted their proposal to ICANN. ISOC would be responsible for appointing the Board of Directors PIR, which otherwise would operate as a not-for-profit entity separate from ISOC.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/details/icann-board-selects-new-org-registry-operator-14-10-2002-en ICANN Announcements: ICANN Board Selects New .org Registry Operator]</ref> | |||
On October 14, 2002, the ICANN Board met to consider the proposals, as well as the evaluation reports by the various evaluation teams. At that meeting, it selected PIR as VeriSign's successor. | |||
On November | On November 26, 2002, the U.S. Department of Commerce approved PIR as successor registry under Amendment 3 of its [[MoU|Memorandum of Understanding]] with ICANN. The ICANN and PIR formally entered the .org Registry Agreement on December 2, 2002.<ref name="iana"></ref> | ||
=== ICANN Agreement Renewals === | |||
The agreements between ICANN and PIR that continue to designate Public Interest Registry as the sole registry operator for were renewed on December 8, 2006 (amended on July 16, 2008)<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/org/org-registry-agreement---8-dec-2006-amended-16-july-2008-16-7-2008-en ICANN Registry Operators: ORG Registry Agreement - 8 Dec 2006, amended 16 July 2008]</ref>, on August 22, 2013,<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/org/org-registry-agreement---22-august-2013-22-8-2013-en ICANN Registry Operators: .ORG Registry Agreement - 22 August 2013]</ref> and on June 30, 2019.<ref>[https://itp.cdn.icann.org/en/files/registry-agreements/org/org-agmt-html-30jun19-en.htm ICANN Registry Operators: REGISTRY AGREEMENT]</ref> | |||
=== Relantioship with Afilias === | |||
From its inception as the operator of .org, PIR has subcontracted its back-end registry services to [[Afilias]], a registry services provider. When ICANN and PIR signed the .org Registry Agreement in December 2002, ICANN announced that PIR had subcontracted with Afilias to provide back end services, with a 25-day transition period during which VeriSign would continue to run the registry while registrars adapted to the new system.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/announcements/details/org-agreement-signed-transition-plans-announced-3-12-2002-en ICANN Announcements: .org Agreement Signed; Transition Plans Announced]</ref> VeriSign continued to provide back-end services on behalf of PIR until January 25, 2003, when technical operations were cut over to Afilias.<ref>[https://www.internic.net/faqs/org-transition.html InterNIC: InterNIC FAQs on the .org Transition]</ref> | |||
On February 16, 2016, PIR announced "the upcoming issuance of a Request for Information for the procurement of its back-end registry services."<ref>[https://pir.org/news-insights/public-interest-registry-announces-back-end-registry-procurement/ PIR Blog and News: Public Interest Registry Announces Back-End Registry Procurement]</ref> After a competitive procurement process, PIR announced that it would retain Afilias as the .org back-end operator.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/public-interest-registry-selects-afilias-for-back-end-registry-services-300361647.html PR Newswire: Public Interest Registry Selects Afilias for Back-End Registry Services]</ref> <ref>[https://domainnamewire.com/2016/11/14/org-sticks-afilias-backend/ Domain Name Wire: .Org sticks with Afilias for backend]</ref> | |||
== Other PIR TLDs == | == Other PIR TLDs == | ||
=== 2012 New gTLD Program === | |||
Public Interest Registry announced ahead of the January 2012 launch of [[New gTLD Program (2012)|ICANN's New gTLD Program]] that it was planning on applying for [[.ngo]],<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/pir_to_present_ngo_domain_extension_plans_at_civicus_world_assembly CircleID: PIR to Present .NGO Domain Extension Plans At CIVICUS World Assembly]</ref> which would be an exclusive domain for NGOs.<ref>https://circleid.com/posts/20110102_why_pir_is_pursuing_ngo CircleID: Why PIR Is Pursuing .NGO]</ref> | |||
PIR’s application for .ngo was accompanied by .ong, which stands for the equivalent of "NGO" in languages like French, Spanish and Portuguese.<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20120604_pir_files_applications_to_create_and_manage_ngo_and_ong_domains CircleID: PIR Files Applications to Create and Manage .NGO and .ONG Domains]</ref> | |||
For Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs), PIR submitted for the gTLDs that translate to “organization,” “org” or “structured organization” in Devanagari, Cyrillic and Chinese-simplified scripts. The four applications - one in Devanagari (.संगठन), one in Cyrillic (.орг), and two in simplified Chinese (.机构 and .组织机构) - were filed as part of ICANN’s global Internet expansion initiative.<ref>[https://en.prnasia.com/releases/global/public-interest-registry-aims-to-broaden-international-reach-with-creation-of-cyrillic-chinese-and-devenagari-web-addresses-62552.shtml PR Newswire: Public Interest Registry Aims to Broaden International Reach With Creation of Cyrillic, Chinese and Devanagari Web Addresses]</ref> On April 22, 2014, PIR launched the first registration phase, known as the Sunrise Period, for their new IDNs. Registration opened to all interested parties on May 27, 2014. | |||
=== Acquisitions === | |||
== | In 2021, PIR acquired four new domains. Three of them were transfered from [[Donuts]], [[.foundation]], [[.charity]], and [[.gives]].<ref name="four">[https://domainnamewire.com/2021/12/08/pir-acquires-4-charitable-top-level-domains-announces-rsp-contract-bidding/ Domain Name Wire: PIR acquires 4 charitable top level domains, announces RSP contract bidding]</ref> In 2022, PIR relaunched these TLDs as part of its .ORG Family of Domains. <ref name="giving">[https://thenew.org/public-interest-registry-launches-giving/ PIR Blog and News: Public Interest Registry Launches .GIVING, a New Top-Level Domain to Streamline Online Fundraising]</ref> | ||
The fourth one was .giving, acquired from Giving Limited, although still not launched at the time.<ref name="four"></ref> In January 2023, PIR launched [[.giving]], intended for all types of mission-driven organizations, regardless of non-profit status.<ref name="giving"></ref> | |||
==.org Statistics== | |||
Registration for .org passed the 11 million mark on November, 2024. When PIR became the steward of the .org domain in 2002 years ago, the number was 2.6 million .org domains managed.<ref>[https://pir.org/news-insights/11-million-domains/ PIR Blog and News: 11 Million Domains]</ref> | |||
== Deployment of DNSSEC == | == Deployment of DNSSEC == | ||
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The benefit of DNSSEC to a .org registrant is the "added ability to thwart the increased predominance of attacks like pharming, cache poisoning, DNS redirection and domain hijacking - all of which have been used to commit fraud, distribute malware and identity theft."<ref>[[Public Interest Registry#cite ref-16|Jump up↑]] [http://dakar42.icann.org/ Dakar42], ICANN.org.</ref> | The benefit of DNSSEC to a .org registrant is the "added ability to thwart the increased predominance of attacks like pharming, cache poisoning, DNS redirection and domain hijacking - all of which have been used to commit fraud, distribute malware and identity theft."<ref>[[Public Interest Registry#cite ref-16|Jump up↑]] [http://dakar42.icann.org/ Dakar42], ICANN.org.</ref> | ||
== Leadership == | |||
their leadership is structured in three main layers: The Board of Directors, the Executive Management and the Advisory Council. | |||
The Board of Directors is appointed by Internet Society and is responsible for setting strategy and oversight. Currently, the Board is comprised of: | |||
* Chair: [[Saerin Cho]] (Term: 2021-2026) | |||
* Vice Chair: [[Eric Burger]] (Term: 2021-2027) | |||
* Treasurer: [[Lena Beck Rørvig]] (Term: 2022-2028) | |||
* Members: | |||
** [[Michael Silber]] (Term: 2022-2028) | |||
** [[George Sadowski]] (Term: 2024-2027) | |||
** [[Kathy Kleiman|Kathryn Kleiman]] (Term: 2023-2026) | |||
** [[Seun Ojedeji|Oluwaseun (Seun) Ojedeji]] (Term: 2025-2028) | |||
* Non-voting Member: [[Jonathon Nevett|Jon Nevett]] | |||
* ISOC CEO and Liaison: [[Sally Wentworth]] | |||
The Executive Management is responsible for day-to-day management, and is currently comprised by: | |||
* President and CEO: Jon Nevett | |||
* Chief Legal and Policy Officer: [[Brian Cimbolic]] | |||
* Chief Strategy Officer: [[Judy Song|Judy Song-Marshall]] | |||
* Chief Technology Officer: [[Rick Wilhelm]] | |||
* Senior Vice President, Finance: [[Liz Szabo]] | |||
* Vice President, Human Resources: [[Andréa Moore]] | |||
* Vice President, Business Affairs: [[Tim Switzer]] | |||
The Advisory Council provides input and recommendations on issues affecting the broader .ORG Community, including noncommercial Internet users, nonprofits, and mission-driven organizations. Council members reflect diverse subject matter interests, including, but not limited to, educational, artistic, cultural, human rights, political, religious, and scientific sectors. It is currently comprised of: | |||
* [[Andrea Abramowitz]] (Term: 2023-2025) | |||
* [[Babatunde Bale]] (Term: 2023-2025) | |||
* [[Tijani Ben Jemaa]] (Term: 2023-2025) | |||
* [[Lianna Galstyan]] (Term: 2021-2025) | |||
* [[Diane Lebson]] (Term: 2021-2025) | |||
* [[Prudence Malinki]] (Term: 2023-2025) | |||
* [[Shreedeep Rayamajhi]] (Term: 2025-2027) | |||
* [[May Wang]] (Term: 2025-2027) | |||
* [[David Hessekiel]] (Term: 2025-2027)<ref>[https://pir.org/who-we-are/teams/ PIR: Teams]</ref> | |||
==Project 94== | ==Project 94== | ||
In October 2012, | In October 2012<ref name="project">[http://domainincite.com/10726-domainers-not-welcome-in-one-character-org-auction Domain Incite: Domainers Not Welcome in One Character Org Auction]</ref> | ||
Project94 was announced, which was the allocation of 94 1-2 character .org domain names never released before for registration.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180328142950/http://www.project94.org/ Project94: Main Page]</ref> The names were released when PIR renewed its agreements with ICANN earlier in the year, and while 94 were released, 9 of them were held back given that they match ccTLDs. Only organizations with registered and recognizable trademarks and rights to the letters and possible acronyms were allowed to participate in the auctions. Also, these organizations had to be pre-approved to participate. PIR auction the domain names via [[eNom]] and [[GoDaddy]].<ref name="project"></ref> | |||
== .ORG Impact Awards == | == .ORG Impact Awards == | ||
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=== IWF Partnership === | === IWF Partnership === | ||
PIR has a partnership with the [[Internet Watch Foundation]] (IWF) to help combat the commercial distribution and exploitation of online child sexual abuse material (CSAM) across their TLDs. PIR | PIR has a partnership with the [[Internet Watch Foundation]] (IWF), a hotline in Europe dedicated to finding and removing child sexual abuse material from the Internet, to help combat the commercial distribution and exploitation of online child sexual abuse material (CSAM) across their TLDs. | ||
The PIR and IWF partnership seeks to amplify the impact of IWF’s work to protect children online by enabling all TLD [[registries]] with new tools to identify and remove CSAM more quickly: [[TLD Hopping]] Lists and Domain Alerts. The IWF Domain Alerts program provides real-time alerts to participating registries if CSAM is detected on a domain they operate to allow for fast removal of content before it is further spread online. Thanks to PIR's sponsorship, access to Domain Alerts could be expanded to over a thousand TLDs at no cost to participating registries.<ref>[https://pir.org/news-insights/pir-partners-with-iwf-to-disrupt-csam/ PIR Blog and News: Internet Watch Foundation and Public Interest Registry Extend Online Safety Initiative to Disrupt Criminal "brands" Selling Child Sexual Abuse]</ref> | |||
=== Revenge Porn Helpline === | === Revenge Porn Helpline === | ||
| Line 99: | Line 152: | ||
SWGfl operates a service named Revenge Porn Helpline, which identifies instances of NCII across the Internet, working closely with industry platforms to ensure content can be swiftly actioned and taken down. This new partnership with PIR and Nominet sthat protections will now be extended in the removal of NCII in the TLDs operated by Nominet and PIR.<ref>[https://pir.org/news-insights/revenge-porn-helpline-partners-with-public-interest-registry-and-nominet-to-extend-protections-against-ncii/ PIR News: Revenge Porn Helpline Partners with Public Interest Registry and Nominet to Extend Protections Against NCII]</ref> | SWGfl operates a service named Revenge Porn Helpline, which identifies instances of NCII across the Internet, working closely with industry platforms to ensure content can be swiftly actioned and taken down. This new partnership with PIR and Nominet sthat protections will now be extended in the removal of NCII in the TLDs operated by Nominet and PIR.<ref>[https://pir.org/news-insights/revenge-porn-helpline-partners-with-public-interest-registry-and-nominet-to-extend-protections-against-ncii/ PIR News: Revenge Porn Helpline Partners with Public Interest Registry and Nominet to Extend Protections Against NCII]</ref> | ||
== Ethos Capital Sale Proposal == | |||
On November 13-14, 2019, PIR announced that ISOC, its parent company, had reached an agreement with [[Ethos Capital]], under which Ethos Capital would acquire PIR and all of its assets from ISOC. PIR would also become a for-profit Pennsylvania limited liability company. PIR formally submitted to ICANN a "Notice of Indirect Change of Control and Entity Conversion."<ref>https://thenew.org/the-internet-society-public-interest-registry-a-new-era-of-opportunity/ PIR sell announcement]</ref> [[EFF]], [[NTEN]], and [[Access Now]] organized a petition that 871 organizations and 27,183 people signed to stop the transaction, paying special attention to the future of the [[.org]] domain. <ref>[https://savedotorg.org/ Statement of request for contract protections]</ref> | |||
On April 30, 2020, the [[ICANN Board]] formally announced that it would withhold consent for a Change of Control of PIR from [[Internet Society]] to [[Ethos Capital]].<ref>[https://www.icann.org/news/blog/icann-board-withholds-consent-for-a-change-of-control-of-the-public-interest-registry-pir ICANN Blogs: ICANN Board withholds consent of PIR sale]</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||