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==Types of Fragmentation==
==Types of Fragmentation==
===Technical Fragmentation===
Internet addressing, interconnection, naming, and security are primary issue areas leading to technical fragmentation. Within these categories, 12 kinds of fragmentation are identified:
When the Internet concept was first articulated, a guiding vision was that
 
every device on the Internet should be able to exchange packets with any
other device. Universal connectivity was assumed to be a primary benefit. But
there are a variety of ways in which the original concept has been eroded
through a complex evolutionary process that has unfolded slowly but is
gathering pockets of steam in the contemporary era.
Four issue-areas are reviewed, including Internet addressing, interconnection,
naming and security. Within these categories, 12 kinds of fragmentation of
varying degrees of significance are identified:
1. Network Address Translation
1. Network Address Translation
2. IPv4 and IPv6 incompatibility and the dual-stack requirement
2. IPv4 and IPv6 incompatibility and the dual-stack requirement