Internet Fragmentation: Difference between revisions

Line 37:

===Governmental Fragmentation===

~~The most common imagery of “governmental fragmentation” is of the global~~

Barrier between nations or national segmentation that could create barriers in the way the internet functions. Six primary issues include content and censorship; e-commerce

~~public Internet being divided into digitally bordered “national Internets”.~~

and trade; national security; privacy and data protection; data localization; and fragmentation as an overarching national strategy.<ref name="weg"></ref>

~~Movement in the direction of~~ national segmentation could ~~entail, inter alia,~~

~~establishing~~ barriers ~~that impede Internet technical functions, or block~~ the ~~flow~~

Within these categories, 10 kinds of fragmentation of varying degrees of significance are identified:<ref name="weg"></ref>

~~of information and e-commerce over~~ the ~~infrastructure~~. ~~Pressure and trends in~~

# Filtering and blocking websites, social networks or other resources offering

~~this direction do exist, as do counter-pressures.~~

Six ~~issue-areas are reviewed, including:~~ content and censorship; e-commerce

and trade; national security; privacy and data protection; data localization; and

fragmentation as an overarching national strategy. Within these categories,

10 kinds of fragmentation of varying degrees of significance are identified:

1. Filtering and blocking websites, social networks or other resources offering

undesired contents

2. Attacks on information resources offering undesired contents

# Attacks on information resources offering undesired contents

3. Digital protectionism blocking ~~users’~~ access to and use of key platforms

# Digital protectionism blocking users' access to and use of key platforms

and tools for electronic commerce

4. Centralizing and terminating international interconnection

# Centralizing and terminating international interconnection

5. Attacks on national networks and key assets

# Attacks on national networks and key assets

6. Local data processing and/or retention requirements

# Local data processing and/or retention requirements

7. Architectural or routing changes to keep data flows within a territory

# Architectural or routing changes to keep data flows within a territory

8. Prohibitions on the transborder movement of certain categories of data

# Prohibitions on the transborder movement of certain categories of data

9. Strategies to construct “national Internet segments” or ~~“cybersovereignty”~~

# Strategies to construct “national Internet segments” or "cybersovereignty"

~~10.~~International frameworks intended to legitimize restrictive practices

# International frameworks intended to legitimize restrictive practices

===Commercial Fragmentation===

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 ===Governmental Fragmentation===
-The most common imagery of “governmental fragmentation” is of the global
+Barrier between nations or national segmentation that could create barriers in the way the internet functions. Six primary issues include content and censorship; e-commerce
-public Internet being divided into digitally bordered “national Internets”.
+and trade; national security; privacy and data protection; data localization; and fragmentation as an overarching national strategy.<ref name="weg"></ref>
-Movement in the direction of national segmentation could entail, inter alia,
-establishing barriers that impede Internet technical functions, or block the flow
+Within these categories, 10 kinds of fragmentation of varying degrees of significance are identified:<ref name="weg"></ref>
-of information and e-commerce over the infrastructure. Pressure and trends in
+# Filtering and blocking websites, social networks or other resources offering
-this direction do exist, as do counter-pressures.
-Six issue-areas are reviewed, including: content and censorship; e-commerce
-and trade; national security; privacy and data protection; data localization; and
-fragmentation as an overarching national strategy. Within these categories,
-kinds of fragmentation of varying degrees of significance are identified:
-. Filtering and blocking websites, social networks or other resources offering
 undesired contents
-. Attacks on information resources offering undesired contents
+# Attacks on information resources offering undesired contents
-. Digital protectionism blocking users’ access to and use of key platforms
+# Digital protectionism blocking users' access to and use of key platforms
 and tools for electronic commerce
-. Centralizing and terminating international interconnection
+# Centralizing and terminating international interconnection
-. Attacks on national networks and key assets
+# Attacks on national networks and key assets
-. Local data processing and/or retention requirements
+# Local data processing and/or retention requirements
-. Architectural or routing changes to keep data flows within a territory
+# Architectural or routing changes to keep data flows within a territory
-. Prohibitions on the transborder movement of certain categories of data
+# Prohibitions on the transborder movement of certain categories of data
-. Strategies to construct “national Internet segments” or “cybersovereignty”
+# Strategies to construct “national Internet segments” or "cybersovereignty"
-.International frameworks intended to legitimize restrictive practices
+# International frameworks intended to legitimize restrictive practices
 ===Commercial Fragmentation===