How the Domain Name System Works: Difference between revisions
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DNS includes three types of top-level domains: generic (gTLD), country code (ccTLD), and sponsored (sTLD). gTLDs include domains that | DNS includes three types of top-level domains: generic (gTLD), country code (ccTLD), and sponsored (sTLD). gTLDs include domains that | ||
could be obtained by anyone (.com, .info, .net, and .org). Since 2014 many other gTLDs have been added like .pub, .ngo, .sucks. sTLDs are limited to a specific group e.g .aero (for air-transport industry). | could be obtained by anyone (.com, .info, .net, and .org). Since 2014 many other gTLDs have been added like .pub, .ngo, .sucks. sTLDs are limited to a specific group e.g. .aero (for air-transport industry). | ||
For each domain, the DNS spreads the responsibility by mapping the domain names and assigning them into IP addresses, and vice-versa. This is accomplished through authoritative name servers which have been designated for each domain. Each authoritative name server is responsible for its own particular domain, but it has the authority to assign new authoritative name servers to any of its sub-domains. The DNS is able to store many types of information, even the mail server lists for a specific domain. The DNS is a core element which ensures the functionality of the Internet through its distributed keyword-based redirection service. | For each domain, the DNS spreads the responsibility by mapping the domain names and assigning them into IP addresses, and vice-versa. This is accomplished through authoritative name servers which have been designated for each domain. Each authoritative name server is responsible for its own particular domain, but it has the authority to assign new authoritative name servers to any of its sub-domains. The DNS is able to store many types of information, even the mail server lists for a specific domain. The DNS is a core element which ensures the functionality of the Internet through its distributed keyword-based redirection service. | ||
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==Developments and the "DNS Camel"== | ==Developments and the "DNS Camel"== | ||
In 2012, an [[IETF]] draft proposal, called "DNS Extension for Autonomous Internet (AIP)," was written by three Chinese technologists suggesting a method of operating alternate DNS root servers within national boundaries using gateways for translation. All DNS requests would carry an additional TLD, in order to designate that the requests were being sent to an alternate root. The standard would add a single letter to the DNS string - for example, "yahoo.com.B" - to designate the address of the alternate, nationally | In 2012, an [[IETF]] draft proposal, called "DNS Extension for Autonomous Internet (AIP)," was written by three Chinese technologists suggesting a method of operating alternate DNS root servers within national boundaries using gateways for translation. All DNS requests would carry an additional TLD, in order to designate that the requests were being sent to an alternate root. The standard would add a single letter to the DNS string - for example, "yahoo.com.B" - to designate the address of the alternate, nationally controlled root.<ref name="ietfaip">[https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-diao-aip-dns/ IETF Data Tracker - Internet Draft: DNS Extension for Autonomous Internet], expired April 19, 2018</ref> | ||
At the time, critics noted that the proposal would allow greater governmental control over the Internet.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/9474-china-proposes-to-split-up-the-dns China proposes to split up the DNS, domainincite.com]</ref> The Internet Draft expired in April 2018 after eleven proposed revisions.<ref name="ietfaip" /> The draft was one of many efforts to create [[Alternative Roots|alternative root systems]] for the Internet. | At the time, critics noted that the proposal would allow greater governmental control over the Internet.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/9474-china-proposes-to-split-up-the-dns China proposes to split up the DNS, domainincite.com]</ref> The Internet Draft expired in April 2018 after eleven proposed revisions.<ref name="ietfaip" /> The draft was one of many efforts to create [[Alternative Roots|alternative root systems]] for the Internet. | ||