ARPANET: Difference between revisions

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The computer experts from the four research laboratories that received research funding from IPTO were called the [[NWG|Network Working Group]]. They were delegated to identify and solve the technical problems associated with the development and completion of the ARPANET. The NWG was formed when a meeting was called by Elmer Shapiro from SRI in 1968 to discuss the host to host problems as per instruction given by ARPA. [[Stephen Crocker|Steve Crocker]], who represents UCLA recalled that during the NWG first meeting [[Steve Carr]] from University of Utah [[Jeff Rulifson]] from SRI, and [[Ron Stoughton]] from UCSB were present. According to him, the meeting was thought provoking and all their ideas was original. Elmer Shapiro initiated conversation and brainstorming by asking questions to the group. The NWG came up with theoretical ideas and visualized different possibilities to formulate new ideas. Crocker stated,

'''With no specific service definition in place for what the IMPs were providing to the hosts, there wasn't any clear idea of what work the hosts had to do. Only later did we articulate the notion of building a layered set of protocols with general transport services on the bottom and multiple application- specific protocols on the top. More precisely, we understood quite early that we wanted quite a bit of generality, but we didn't have a clear idea how to achieve it. We struggled between a grand design and getting something working quickly.''' <ref>[http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~acc/docs/arpa--2.html The Network Working Group]</ref>

''With no specific service definition in place for what the IMPs were providing to the hosts, there wasn't any clear idea of what work the hosts had to do. Only later did we articulate the notion of building a layered set of protocols with general transport services on the bottom and multiple application- specific protocols on the top. More precisely, we understood quite early that we wanted quite a bit of generality, but we didn't have a clear idea how to achieve it. We struggled between a grand design and getting something working quickly.'' <ref>[http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~acc/docs/arpa--2.html The Network Working Group]</ref>

The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident in September 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Netwrok Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

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 The computer experts from the four research laboratories that received research funding from IPTO were called the [[NWG|Network Working Group]]. They were delegated to identify and solve the technical problems associated with the development and completion of the ARPANET. The NWG was formed when a meeting was called by Elmer Shapiro from SRI in 1968 to discuss the host to host problems as per instruction given by ARPA. [[Stephen Crocker|Steve Crocker]], who represents UCLA recalled that during the NWG first meeting [[Steve Carr]] from University of Utah [[Jeff Rulifson]] from SRI, and [[Ron Stoughton]] from UCSB were present. According to him, the meeting was thought provoking and all their ideas was original. Elmer Shapiro initiated conversation and brainstorming by asking questions to the group. The NWG came up with theoretical ideas and visualized different possibilities to formulate new ideas. Crocker stated,
-'''With no specific service definition in place for what the IMPs were providing to the hosts, there wasn't any clear idea of what work the hosts had to do. Only later did we articulate the notion of building a layered set of protocols with general transport services on the bottom and multiple application- specific protocols on the top. More precisely, we understood quite early that we wanted quite a bit of generality, but we didn't have a clear idea how to achieve it. We struggled between a grand design and getting something working quickly.''' <ref>[http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~acc/docs/arpa--2.html The Network Working Group]</ref>
+''With no specific service definition in place for what the IMPs were providing to the hosts, there wasn't any clear idea of what work the hosts had to do. Only later did we articulate the notion of building a layered set of protocols with general transport services on the bottom and multiple application- specific protocols on the top. More precisely, we understood quite early that we wanted quite a bit of generality, but we didn't have a clear idea how to achieve it. We struggled between a grand design and getting something working quickly.'' <ref>[http://www.dei.isep.ipp.pt/~acc/docs/arpa--2.html The Network Working Group]</ref>
 The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident in September 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Netwrok Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen  Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>