ARPANET: Difference between revisions

Line 38:

===The ARPANET was born===

The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident in September 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock, head of the ~~Netwrok~~ Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident on September 1969 when NWG member Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Network Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

The second node connected to the ARPANET was the NLS System (on-Line System) at the SRI which was developed by [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_engelbart.htm Douglas Engelbart]</ref> This was the first full ARPANET network connection using an SDS-940 computer with the Genie Operating System and a 50 kbps line from [[AT&T]]. However, the first test did not work properly and the system crashed. The second test worked fine according to Kleinrock.

The third connection added to the ARPANET was an IBM 360/75 computer using the OS/MVT operating system from the [[Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Centre]] at the University of California at Santa Barbara followed by the DED PDP-q0 computer using a Tenex Operatin System from University of Utah Graphix Department. The first four nodes connected to the ARPANET became operational.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>

===The Network Control Program===

Although ARPANET was already operational in 1969, Lawrence Roberts, IPTO's Senior Computer Scientist met with the NWG in UTAH and he emphasized that they need further achievement. He provided guidance to the group to develop a viable network protocol. In 1971, the group was able to create the Network Protocol Program ([[NCP]]), which became the standard networking program for the ARPANET. <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ncp.htm Network Control Program]</ref> NCP's main function is to establish, break and switch connections, and control flow of communications between different host computer systems.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref> There were already 15 sites connected to the NCP during the latter part of 1971.

The first 15 sites connected to NCP include:<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ncp.htm Network Control Program]</ref>

# [[Bolt Baranek and Newman|BBN]]

# [[Carnegie Mellon University]]

# [[Case Western Reserve University]]

# [[Harvard University]]

# [[Lincoln Laboratories]]

# [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]

# [[NASA at AMES]]

# [[RAND Corporation]]

# [[Stanford Research Institute]]

# [[Stanford University]]

# [[System Development Corporation]]

# [[University of California at Los Angeles|UCLA]]

# [[University of California of Santa Barbara|UCSB]]

# [[University of Illinois at Urbana]]

# [[University of UTAH]]

==References==

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ===The ARPANET was born===
-The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident in September 1969 when Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Netwrok Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen  Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>
+The realization of the vision of Licklider for the ARPANET as a universal communication network became evident on September 1969 when NWG member Leonard Kleinrock, head of the Network Measurement Center ([[NMC]]) at UCLA and his team which include [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Stephen  Crocker]], [[Bill Naylor]], [[Jon Postel]], and [[Mike Wingfield]] connected one of the center's SDS Sigma 7 computers to an Interface Message Processor ([[IMP]]). The team from UCLA were able to successfully exchange the message, "Do it to it, Truett" with BBN hardware designer Ben Barker. On that day, ARPANET/Internet was born.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>
 The second node connected to the ARPANET was the NLS System (on-Line System) at the SRI which was developed by [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_engelbart.htm Douglas Engelbart]</ref> This was the first full ARPANET network connection using an SDS-940 computer with the Genie Operating System and a 50 kbps line from [[AT&T]]. However, the first test did not work properly and the system crashed. The second test worked fine according to Kleinrock.
 The third connection added to the ARPANET was an IBM 360/75 computer using the OS/MVT operating system from the [[Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics Centre]] at the University of California at Santa Barbara followed by the  DED PDP-q0 computer using a Tenex Operatin System from University of Utah Graphix Department. The first four nodes connected to the ARPANET became operational.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref>
+===The Network Control Program===
+Although ARPANET was already operational in 1969, Lawrence Roberts, IPTO's Senior Computer Scientist met with the NWG in UTAH and he emphasized that they need further achievement. He provided guidance to the group to develop a viable network protocol. In 1971, the group was able to create the Network Protocol Program ([[NCP]]), which became the standard networking program for the ARPANET. <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ncp.htm Network Control Program]</ref> NCP's main function is to establish, break and switch connections, and control flow of communications between different host computer systems.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET-The First Internet]</ref> There were already 15 sites connected to the NCP during the latter part of 1971.
+The first 15 sites connected to NCP include:<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_ncp.htm Network Control Program]</ref>
+# [[Bolt Baranek and Newman|BBN]]
+# [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
+# [[Case Western Reserve University]]
+# [[Harvard University]]
+# [[Lincoln Laboratories]]
+# [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
+# [[NASA at AMES]]
+# [[RAND Corporation]]
+# [[Stanford Research Institute]]
+# [[Stanford University]]
+# [[System Development Corporation]]
+# [[University of California at Los Angeles|UCLA]]
+# [[University of California of Santa Barbara|UCSB]]
+# [[University of Illinois at Urbana]]
+# [[University of UTAH]]
 ==References==